Military Crimes Of The United States Constitution - 998 Words

The arrest and trial of enemy combatants by military tribunal poses no significant moral issues. It is military order to detain those accused of international terrorism. Every country has their own guidelines and regulations when it comes to punishments, the U.S. punishments could be worse. Overall, the American government has and will try to do all that is necessary in order to protect all Americans. As of 2001, a new order in war was presented. The United States Constitution allows Congress the enumerated war power to form rules regarding captures on land as well as water (Art. I, Section 8). Congress delegates the president with the authority to remove any enemy combatants considered harmful. The president’s power to have such authorization of the detainment, sequestering of one as â€Å"enemy combatants† without a criminal indictment comes from the law of war and is supported by the Supreme Court authority. George W. Bush, president and Commander in Chief of the Arm ed Forces, declared that it is of military order to detain those accused of terrorism in U.S. military custody. According to the Constitutional Rights Foundation, also â€Å"[those who knowingly harbor such individuals]†¦those who have engaged in, aided, or conspired to commit international terrorist acts against the United States or its citizens† (Military Tribunals). How can the arrest and trial of enemy combatants by military tribunal pose significant moral issues if it is part of military order? It is going to beShow MoreRelatedConstitutional Law1072 Words   |  5 PagesReasoning(O’Connor, J.) Yes. A U.S. citizen accused of being an enemy combatant must be afforded an opportunity to be heard by a neutral decision maker. The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right to due process under the law. Furthermore, absent suspension, all persons detained in the United States have the right to habeas corpus. This means that an individual accused of criminal activity cannot be detained indefinitely, with no trial, no counsel, and no ability to petition forRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention Of The Constitution1179 Words   |  5 PagesMost of the framers of the constitution either attended or graduated college, were involved in the American Revolution, and had already been involved in the government. The Constitutional Convention was a meeting held in Philadelphia between May and September of 1787. There, delegates discussed revisions to the United States Government. The Constitutional Convention was held in order to address the problems of the weak central g overnment that existed under the Articles of Confederation. Many of theRead More Tribunals Essays1344 Words   |  6 Pages President Bushs decision to consider establishing military tribunals to prosecute accused terrorists has set off a major debate on civil liberties in the United States. Supporters argue that such a measure is a constitutional necessity to address terrorism of an unprecedented scope. Opponents claim that the tribunals would undermine the rule of law and deprive defendants of the protection provided for in the American system of justice. My research and personnel experience on the subject has foundRead MoreCivil Liberties During World War II1665 Words   |  7 Pagesacceptable as proven through the analysis of the different stances by examining related cases, text, and the constitution. There are five main positions on how the courts should view civil liberties during war time: success, no exception, maybe, dilemma, and living constitution. â€Å"Success† is the â€Å"whatever it takes to win† approach, meaning that rights given to the individual by the US constitution can be revoked during wartime. â€Å"No exception† is the opposite to the success approach, meaning that no matterRead MoreEssay Korematsu v. United States827 Words   |  4 PagesKorematsu v. United States Korematsu v. United States (1944) actually began December 7, 1941 with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The attack on Pearl Harbor then began the conquering of Wake, Guam, Philippines, Malaya, Singapore, Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Burma. With the attack on Pearl Harbor, racism, which was hardly unfamiliar, became an even greater problem. The Japanese Governments attacks on Americans including; torturing, raping, and murdering wasRead MoreBranches Of Government : The United States1578 Words   |  7 PagesThough the United States follows a republic approach to writing legislation and passing law, technology presents a challenge. In an environment that changes daily, technological legislation will no sooner be passed, and it is already obsolete. The rate of technological advancement and espionage present a real threat, not only to the United States, but to the world. How can law be generalized so as to affect a process relative to technology and softwa re design that prevents transnational crime? A CollaborationRead MoreGun Control Regulations Do Not Deter Violence And Crime1356 Words   |  6 Pagesabsence of mass shootings or gun violence and crime, it has definately been shown to significantly reduce these rates. America is in need of tighter gun control laws because current regulations do not deter violence and crime, and the interpretation of the constitutional right has since been misconstrued. Current Gun Control regulations do not deter violence and crime. It has been shown that places that have relaxed their gun control laws have a higher crime and death rate. Data proves that homicideRead More†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢We should not blame a gun itself for any crime or any acts of violence, any more than we can800 Words   |  4 Pages†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢We should not blame a gun itself for any crime or any acts of violence, any more than we can blame a pen for misspelling a word’† (Rodkey). This statement, made by Robert Bennett, makes a very valid about why citizens should be allowed to own firearms freely. It is a privilege clearly given to Americans in the United States Constitution. One mistake made by someone does not mean that guns should be taken away from other innocent people. Be able to own a firearm is a right given to us in theRead MoreHow Should We Treat Non American Prisoners1274 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand that these are suspected terrorists and war criminals and I agree they forfeit certain rights because of that, that doesn’t mean they are left to rot in prison for the rest of their lives with no access to the legal process. Under the Constitution the federal government can unquestionably suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus if the public safety requires it during times of rebellion or invasion. The issue is whether Congress or the president holds this power. Historical perspectiveRead MoreThe Policing Model : Brazil1160 Words   |  5 Pagespolice, the state military police and fire brigade, and the state civil police. Brazil police officers only have two main functions which is to keep order and to make sure laws are not broken. The Federal Police: The federal police main function is to investigate crimes that are against the federal government, to fight international drug trafficking, and terrorism, and are the immigration and border police as well. The Federal Highway Police: These officers main job is to combat crimes on Brazilian

The Unredeemed Captive Essay - 1815 Words

Haley Eppes Dr. Quirk HST 3 September 2014 The Unredeemed Captive- A Family Story From Early America, John Demos, Vintage Books, April 1995, New York Finding out who you are, through hardships and ease, is the main focus of this book. John Demos wanted to write a story, and in this story the main focus is figuring out how to adapt to your surroundings and the circumstances that you have cannot control to best survive. With this he weaved a tale about a colonial town that was not prepared for what happens to it, and its residents. The story starts in Deerfield, in October of 1703 with a time of trouble. The town is in danger of being ransacked and taken over by Indians. The townspeople contemplate reinforcing their stockade but before†¦show more content†¦They did this twice before staying a whole winter in 1743. After that Indian attacks began again in the colonies and Eunice’s husband went off to fight and raid. In 1760 she visits her English family one last time. Her husband dies a few years later and she lives with her two daughters and her grandson. In 1771 she had a letter written to Stephen stating that she was well and hoped that he and his family were fine. She died in 1785 at the age of eighty-nine. This book adds a different take on the colonial period in America that I was never taught in school. I was always taught that the settlers in America were the ones that killed and berated the Indians. I never learned that the Indians in Canada had attacked the colonial settlers and brought them to Canada. The French and the English fighting is not a surprise, as everyone wants the best land they can find and will fight over it. I would not have thought that the French would go so far as to captivate New England citizens and ransom them off. With this piece of information it makes much more sense that the colonists would be mean to the Indians, as the Indians had caused their families to die and they had to pay large amounts of money to get their family back. Some may no t have been able to get family members back, or even see them. If you were to be kidnapped, your family taken, and ransomed offShow MoreRelatedHeld Captive by Indians in The Unredeemed Captive by John Demos1027 Words   |  5 Pages The Unredeemed Captive published by Vintage on March 28, 1995. The Unredeemed Captive - A Family Story by John Demos was about Eunice Williams’ being held captive by the resident Indians and the fight her family endured in order to go home. Eunice was captured together with her family along with hundreds of other residents in and around Deerfield. Demos, seems very knowledgeable of the Deerfield raid. He also uses impeccable detail on the captives’ march to Canada. Demos, also does a great jobRead MoreMohawk Saint And The Unredeemed Captive1904 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the stories told in both Mohawk Saint and The Unredeemed Captive, the unintended consequences of attempting to convert the American Indians to Christianity are pow erful players in the unfolding events. When these Christian groups arrived in the New World, they came armed with the word of God that they wished to share among a group of people that have never before encountered the concept of Christianity. While eventually these relationships improved and Christians and American Indians beganRead MoreEssay about The Unredeemed Captive1211 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story From Early America, (First Vintage Books, April 1995) John Demos in a sense presents themes that are entirely familiar and conventional. The themes of sin, retribution, and repentance are very prevalent in his writing. The loss of piety, the failure of spiritual nerve, the absolute necessity of reform; and the certainty of Gods punishment if reform was not achieved appear throughout his book (Demos). (In this instance, Eunices failureRead MoreEssay on Overview of John Demoss Unredeemed Captive1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unredeemed Captive tells a story of struggles a family went through to stay true to one another. Eunice Williams’ was taken captive and family went through many obstacles to try and get her home. Both Eunice and her family were captured together along with many other town residents in the Deerfield Massacre of 1704. Demos precisely described the Deerfield raid along with the process of traveling to Canada. Throughout the book, Demos also covered some individual captive experiences and eventsRead MoreThe Unre deemed Captive by John Demos Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unredeemed Captive by John Demos John Demos in a sense presents themes that are entirely familiar and conventional. The themes of sin, retribution, and repentance are very prevalent in his writing. The loss of piety, the failure of spiritual nerve, the absolute necessity of reform; and the certainty of Gods punishment if reform was not achieved appear throughout his book (Demos). (In this instance, Eunices failure to return to her native land is putting her at risk in the eyes of God)Read MoreThe Great Journey Through History in John Demos’s The Unredeemed889 Words   |  3 PagesDemos’s The Unredeemed Captive is a paragon of history writing that is simultaneously informative and intriguing. Through his entertaining text and thorough analysis, the readers may find themselves as captivated by the story as the Deerfield captives were by the Native Americans. Although often criticized for his style, Demos has produced an evolutionary way to encapsulate facts through descriptive writing. Providing i nnumerable sources that are presented in a simplistic manner, The Unredeemed CaptiveRead MoreThe Unredeemed Captain Is The Factual Telling Of The Deerfield Massacre Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unredeemed Captain is the factual telling of the Deerfield Massacre and the ways it effected the Williams family who lost their daughter as a captive to the Bear tribe of the Mohawk Native Americans. The book deeply explores religion and how it relates to the ideas of savagery and family through comparison of experiences in the lives of the Puritans and the lives of the Native American captors. The Deerfield Massacre occurred in 1704 in Massachusetts. The massacre was carried out by a tribeRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Mohawk Indians On The Deerfield, Massachusetts s Community1316 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. This sets the stage for the events that follow in the novel Unredeemed Captive by the Yale historian named John Demos. The Mohawk Indians captured and killed many individuals as well as families, and then proceeded to send them on a two-month long journey from Massachusetts to Canada. The journey claimed the lives of many as a result of the harsh winter’s traveling conditions. The Mohawk’s would kill some of the captives out of mercy if it were apparent they could not complete the journeyRead MoreCurrent Relationship With The Gods1841 Words   |  8 Pagesof Abraham) at Arochukwu; and the fraudulent â€Å"Igwe-ka-ala† situated at á » ¤má » ¥ná » ha in the current Mbaise in Imo State. Our ancestors used these means of jurisdictive influen ces when the demons were still asleep. Currently, we have backslidden to our unredeemed nature. We engage in destroying lives by various means in pursuit of money. Now, we serve Mammon quite certainly. In the process we commit various atrocities in the face of the Almighty God. (Ndá »â€¹ kanyá »â€¹ ará » ¥la ala). Characteristically, it appearsRead MoreCineplex Entertainment - Loyalty Programs5570 Words   |  23 Pagesthe program and the data ownership. However, the organization would incur the entire cost estimated at $5.5 million in the first year with diminishing costs in subsequent years. The company would also be fully exposed to the financial risk of unredeemed points and could face difficulty in divesting the program if it proved unsuccessful; a new Page 5 9B08A008 department would need to be created to manage the exit of the program. This option would also require a new database, which, depending

Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Kids free essay sample

So if youre hinging about sending your kid to Tinkering School, they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody. So, you know, we live In a worrywarts subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations. There doesnt seem to be any limit on how crazy child safety regulations can get. We put suffocation warnings on all the on every piece of plastic film manufactured in the united States or for sale with an Item In the united States. We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us that the contents may be hot. And we seem to think that any item sharper than a golf ball is too sharp for children under the age of 10. So where does this trend stop? When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object, every pokey bit in the world, then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp or not made out of round plastic, theyll hurt themselves with it. So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone grow ever smaller, we cut off our children from valuable opportunities to learn how to Interact with the world around them.And despite all of our best efforts and Intentions, kids are always going to figure out how to do the most dangerous thing they can, in whatever environment they can. So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety and about some simple things that we can do to raise our kids to be creative, confident and in control of the environment around them. And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress. The book is called 50 Dangerous Things. This is five dangerous things.Thing number one play with fire. Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature is a pivotal moment in any childs personal history. Whether we remember it or not,its a its the first time we really get control of one of these hysterics things. These mysteries are only revealed to those who get the opportunity to play with It. So, playing with fire. This Is Like one of the great things we ever discovered, flee. From playing with It, they learn some basic principles about fire, about intake, about combustion, about exhaust.These are the three working elements of fire that you have to have to have a good controlled fire. And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory. You dont know what theyre going to learn from playing with It. You know, let them fool around with It on their own terms and rust me, theyre going to learn things that you cant get out of playing with Dora the 1 OFF Number two own a pocketknife. Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness, which I think is a terrible thing. Laughter) Your first your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that youre given. You know, its a spatula, its a pry bar, its a screwdriver and its a blade. And its a its a powerful and empowering tool. And in a lot of cultures they give knives like, as soon as theyre toddlers they have knives. These are Intuit children cutting whale blubber. I first saw his in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10, and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives. And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self through a tool at a very young age.You lay down a couple of very simple rules always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it and these are things kids can understand and practice with. And yeah, theyre going to cut themselves. I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself. But you know, theyre young. They heal fast. (Laughter) Number three throw a spear. It turns out that our brains are actually wired for whoring things and, like muscles, if you dont use parts of your brain, they tend to atrophy over time.But when you exercise them, any given muscle adds strength to the whole system and that applies to your brain too. So practicing throwing things has been shown to stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes, which have to do with visual acuity, AD understanding, and structural problem solving, so it gives a sense it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability. And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill, so its very good for that kind of whole- body training. These kinds of target-based practice alcohols kids develop attention and concentration skills.So those are great. Number four deconstruct appliances. There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher. Next time youre about to throw out an appliance, dont throw it out. Take it apart with your kid, or send him to my school and well take it apart with them. Even if you dont know what the parts are, puzzling out what they might be for is a really good practice for the kids to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart, and no matter how complex they are, they can understand parts of hem and that means that eventually, they can understand all of them.Its a sense of inability, that something is knowable. So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted are actually complex things made by other people and you can understand them. Number five two-prater. Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. There are laws beyond safety regulations that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things that we own in this case, digital media. Its a very simple exercise buy a song on Tunes, write it to a CD, then rip the CD to an AMP and play it on your very same computer. Youve Just broken a law.Technically the ARIA can come and persecute you. Its an important lesson for kids to understand that some of these laws get broken by accident and that laws have to be interpreted. And its something them open and taking them apart and using them for other things and also when we go out and drive a car. Driving a car is a is a really empowering act for a young child, so this is the ultimate. For those of you who arent comfortable actually breaking the law, you can drive a car with your child. This is this is a great stage for a kid.This happens about the same mime that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs, these big things in the outside world that theyre trying to get a grip on. A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it. And thats a really, like it gives them a handle on a world in a way that they wouldnt that they dont often have access to. So and its perfectly legal. Find a big empty lot, make sure theres nothing in it and its on private property, and let them drive your car. Its very safe actually. And its fun for the whole family. So, lets see. I think thats it. Thats number five and a half. K.

Smart Car free essay sample

The companys vision is to provide unparallelled safety and comfort on the roads along with the options to choose from a lot of versions. The unique selling points of the car are technology, design, customization, space (small size yet large interior) and being environmentally-friendly. SMART is positioned as a highly customizable and safe compact car for city use, targeting students, old people, business people, and working ladies. Micro Compact Car AG (MCC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler-Benz (formerly a joint venture of Daimler-Benz and Swatch), is the company behind Smart. Together these manufacturers have developed what they call a new mobility concept that relieves the heavy environmental pressure caused by present traffic while still ensuring continuous individual mobility. MCC management could go back and look on numerous peaks: a completely new brand had been developed; a production site had been developed and constructed from scratch, pilot marketing of brand and product concept had raised high levels of customer awareness and interest in European markets; a dealer and marketing organization had been developed and was ready for product launch. We will write a custom essay sample on Smart Car or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover, the supply-chain concept development went beyond existing practices in the automotive industry on a number of points: customers can contribute to the configuration of products; lead-times for cars are counted in weeks; suppliers have co-invested in the production location and have taken over shares of primary assembly beyond existing levels; the added value of MCC during production is approximately only a remaining 10% of the production cost-price. Overlooking the development and installation of the supply chain, all of which had been done since the first feasibility study of Mercedes in 1993 and the foundation of MCC in 1994, the management team realized it was facing a new set of challenges. The supply chain are completely new in the market and go beyond such existing practices as supplier involvement, outsourcing and modular production in the industry. Modules such as complete frontor rear ends are pre-assembled on site and suppliers are involved in design and final assembly through co-ownership of the site, co-design and some major share in the manufacturing activities. Given the untraditional approach, MCC executives face some fundamental challenges including how to manage and control a supply chain in which MCC only adds some 15% of the operational value added. This question is not only relevant to MCC but to the Daimler- Benz Corporation as a whole, which has set Smart as a strategic learning project. Moreover, the concept being brought to practice by MCC is generally accepted by leading car-manufacturers as of key importance to future industry developments. Manufacturers and suppliers therefore monitor the successes and failures of MCC, as the results will mark the future organization of their companies and of the supply chain. Smart has now been an issue of concern as its sales performance has not met the companys expectations. Abandoning smart was also an option many considered ,yet some executives see it as an investment for the future unfolding potential for growth and profitability. Smart cars made losses in the late 1990s and continued to do so in the early 2000s. In February 2005, Reuters reported that the Smart car had made a loss of about 600 million euros in 2004 and sales have remained relatively low compared to the companys forecasted numbers up until now. It seems as if the mobility concept of smart cars did not quite take off as the company had originally hoped. Questions have been raised whether or not the smart cars are truly economical and if its benefits justify its cost. Challenges to the Smart car involve a number of different aspects. Even though the car has proven to be good for its size, it doesnt really provide the perception of safety, particularly its highway performance. When on the highway, the Smart Car tends to become twitchy and unsettling. There is also no clutch on the Smart Car. Due to this, when shifting gears, the driver must be very patient. Furthermore, a Smart car might not appeal to consumers who are price sensitive, as its starting price is 11,590 dollars for a base model which could potentially put off consumers by the price , and particularly for the two-seat configuration which further limits their target market due to the fact that the car has size constraints. Smart cars are left somewhere in between as they are priced higher than other compact cars alternatives whereas they, at the same time, lack the superiority in design comparing to that other models in the Mercedes line. The original smart concept envisaged that a wide range of mobility services would be offered to owners through a package to be offered as ‘smartmove’. In some cases, these services were to be offered with discounted rates and preferential treatment, as an incentive for customer purchase, particularly among those who are environmentally aware. Although the potential for links with transport providers, including vehicle hire companies, opens up the possibility that owning a car may not be the only convenient way, or the ‘best’ way for a person to ensure getting from one place to another, it might pose a very complicated message to buyers as one would certainly hope that buying a car at more than 12,000dollars would provide them the convenience and utility they seek. One of the â€Å"benefits† allowing customers to use their personal Smart card to get discounts on renting a car they need at Avis for a vacation or family outing is unquestionably ironic for a person who has just purchased a car unless these cars do not provide the same utilization, possibly in terms of capacity and speed, which this â€Å"smartmove† concept might have geared customers towards the wrong idea. MCC has proposed an electric rechargeable version of the smart car that is intended to be in mass production of the vehicle by 2012. With depletion of oil reserves and increase in pollution levels all over the world, governments and communities are awakening to the several benefits of electric vehicle technology: they are non-polluting and quiet, they can be charged easily saving owners the need to queue at gasoline stations, Electric vehicles are mostly charged at night, when power consumption is low, therefore making more efficient use of power plants, they are easy to service and maintain and most EVs have a very low operating and maintenance cost. SMART should exploit the current market conditions that have been geared towards environmental concerns and go forth with the the electric cars as it is congruent with the original concept of being environmentally friendly. Since its inception, Mercedes-Benz has maintained a reputation for its quality and durability. They can lose the Smart line completely and go by as one of the models of Mercedes Benz. However, the initial investment was too high and that exit barriers would require a large amount of fund as well. The more important aspect could be that of the long-term reputation if they were to drop the Smart line and shut down the Hambach plant as it would affect thousands of workers as well as the relationship with long term suppliers. Ethical issues could be raised which could ultimately affect the Mercedes brand as a whole. At this point, it would be wiser for Mercedes to fix the problem instead of abandoning it. SMART should continually assess market conditions to adjust their branding strategy, vehicle designs and concepts. SMART should certainly utilize the Mercedes-Benz know-how on designs and innovative technologies while focusing on its electric vehicle as its core value, possibly through training programs. This would undoubtedly call for further integration between Mercedes Benz and SMART. The car would have looked innovative 20 years ago with its current design. While Smart cars may meet with wide acceptance in Europe, MCC may need to modify the product to meet consumers’ expectations if they would want to further expand and penetrate in other markets. They should establish more distribution centers and spend more on advertisements, promotions and test trials as a market penetration strategy for their current products in their current markets. As Smart cars are primarily well known for customer personalization, they should offer a highest degree of customization to meet and exceed customers expectations. They should also look at a diversification strategy where they can produce compact buses and trucks for city use to further ease the traffic on the roads. One more thing SMART should do is to broaden the target market. They need to make the electric/ hybrid cars more appealing for consumers of wider range. SMART should focus on becoming the leader in the compact electronic vehicle segment, which could be achieved through design improvement, enhancement of technology. They could re-brand itself in terms of customers perception to meet that of a Mercedes lineup while maintaining its core value of being an environmentally-friendly compact in-city vehicle.

Nuclear Independence Day Essays (1491 words) - Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Independence Day Nuclear Independence Day Since July 16th, 1945 the first A-bomb was discover until today, unclear weapon are playing a major part of the 20th century's most reliable military defense system. Throughout the past five decades or so, many strong military nations like United State, Soviet Union (USSR), China, France, England . . . seems very interesting to invest nuclear weapon than any other military weapon. It seems like a country without nuclear weapon wills no longer deserves the title of Great Power! A country is defenseless without nuclear protection. Over the last 50 years, nuclear weapons were developed that dwarfed the 1945 bombs in destructiveness, and major military powers stocked their arsenals with these arms. Every year the world spends 3,500 trillion dollars to restock their nuclear weapon power. Every year the world spends half trillion dollar to protect the weapon from unnecessarily exploration and stolen . . . From 1992-1996 total of 79 nuclear emergency research was recalled to NEST (Nuclear E mergency Search Team) for help. Term like ?Broken Arrow?, ?Red Six? and ? Landlord Access Red? are becoming the most common nuclear weapon warning recall used in NEST and NASA . . . The explosive power of a nuclear weapon comes from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, or both--in the case of the HYDROGEN BOMB. A typical small nuclear weapon has the explosive yield of tens of thousands of tons (kilotons) of the conventional explosive TNT; a large nuclear weapon might have the yield of a million tons (megatons) of TNT or more. A single nuclear weapon can kill hundreds of thousands of people, and when carried on a ballistic missile, can travel intercontinental distances in less than half an hour. The deployment of tens of thousands of these weapons, primarily by the United States and the Soviet Union, has threatened annihilation with little or no warning. The devastating effects of nuclear weapons, however, may actually have deterred their use. Strategic (long-range) nuclear weapons include land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and the bombs and cruise missiles carried on long-range bombers. Many strat egic ballistic missiles carry multiple warheads, called MIRVed missiles. Tactical nuclear weapons are shorter-range weapons allocated for regional use or for use in support of battlefield operations. France, Great Britain, and China each have small but significant nuclear arsenals, which include both strategic and tactical nuclear weapons. Israel is reported to have about 100 nuclear weapons. Other countries--India, South Africa, and Pakistan-- have the capability to make nuclear weapons. Iraq, Iran, and North Korea reportedly have made efforts to develop nuclear weapons. . . During the end of World War II, in November 1945 President Harry S. Truman decided to allow the bombs to be dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki because, he said, he believed they might save thousands of American lives. For maximum psychological impact, they were used in quick succession, one over Hiroshima on August 6, and the other over Nagasaki on August 9. These cities had not previously been bombed, and thus the bombs' damage could be accurately assessed. U.S. estimates put the number killed in Hiroshima at 66,000 to 78,000 and in Nagasaki at 49,000. Japanese estimates gave a combined total of 240,000. In 1960 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev launched plans to supply Cuba with medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that would put the eastern United States within range of nuclear missile attack. Khrushchev mistakenly assumed that the United States would take no action and when questioned denied that any missiles were being supplied to Cuba. By the summer of 1962, U.S. spy planes flying over Cuba had photographed Soviet-managed construction work and spotted the first ballistic missile on October 14. U.S. president John F. Kennedy consulted secretly with advisers, discussing options: invasion, air strikes, a blockade, or diplomacy. On October 22, Kennedy announced a naval blockade to prevent the arrival of more missiles. He demanded that the USSR dismantle and remove the weapons and declared a quarantine zone around Cuba, within which U.S. naval forces would intercept and inspect ships to determine whether they were carrying weapons. The United States was supported by other members of the Organization of American States. For several tense days Soviet vessels en route

The Semantic Web Essays

The Semantic Web Essays The Semantic Web Essay The Semantic Web Essay BMO Internet Security Final Project Paper University of Toronto SCS 2115 Professor: Dr. Ken K. Wong By: Kevin Fernando 13/06/2010 The semantic web is a vision created and promoted by Tim-Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web Consortium. In his article the Semantic Web in Scientific American (2001) Berners-Lee explains that The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation What Berners-Lee means by this is that in its current state, internet technology is not designed in a way in which computers and machines can interact with each other most efficiently. The primary reason for this disconnect is lies in the difference between information produced primarily for human consumption and that produced mainly for machines. Currently most web technologies are created for human interpretation and merely use machines to store and transfer this information. For example in a search engine, the use of key words and database descriptions allow machines to cross reference the search syntax provided by the ender user and locate the best matching result based on this syntax. However the issue here is that while the machine can read the syntax (the raw structure) of the terms presented it does not know the semantics or the meaning of the phrase/words entered. So if the user was looking for â€Å"cheap cars in Toronto† listings with â€Å"economical vehicles In the GTA† may be by passed by the search engine. Therefore, Berners-Lee’s vision with the Semantic Web is to provide a language that expresses both data and rules for reasoning about the data and that allows rules from any existing knowledge-representation system to be exported onto the Web. One of the best applications of the benefits of the Semantic web is through the example of two users seeking medical attention for their mother. In this example the users dispatch their personal Semantic Web Agents (a software search engine) to cross reference various parameters (availability time, insurance terms, distance, service rating etc. ) and work with each other in finding a hospital solution that satisfies all of the desired stipulations. The primary technologies/techniques involved in developing the semantic web are XML, RDF, URI, and ontologies. Through their implementation in meta-data, these methods enable the Semantic web to â€Å"understand† the relationships within the queries of its users and aid them in locating information. In my opinion â€Å"The Semantic Web† as a term will become not a fad, but a marketing cliche much like the term Web 2. 0 has. However, I am certain that while not all, some, of the underlying principles behind it will definitely surface as web technologies advance. I say this because if one is too look closely enough it is easy to spot sites and technologies that already display â€Å"semantic web† concepts. For example, www. Amazon. com will aggregate user reviews and page views to display recommended other products that other individuals with interest in the same item liked when you search for a specific item. Another example I find remarkable is a feature within Google maps. If you would like to search for pizza restaurants around a particular area, you can simply type â€Å"pizza near [the address, land mark or postal code of your choosing]. Google will then display all pizza restaurants indexed within the vicinity of stated geographical location. This is interesting because in this example the user is asking a question in the way that they would normally direct it to another person rather than translating the question to search syntax the machine can search for. Ultimately, I think this is the direction the semantic web will take – better database indexing, greater understanding of synonymous terms/phrases by search engines, and personalized recommendations based on user trends. While I do not think it would be impossible, I think it would be quite a few years before the emergence of a user deployable, effective software agent that can conduct complex multi-variable search tasks is realized. I say this because in order for this to occur in a useful fashion, the meta-tag data techniques used by the semantic web would need to be universally incorporated into virtually every website ever built – no easy task by any stretch of the imagination. In short, I think that while the concept of a true Semantic Web may be too utopian for reality, some of the guiding principles will be adopted in the inevitable transition to what might be later coined â€Å"Web 3. 0† For Electricite de France, the implemented Semantic web technologies have many potential benefits for their consumer end users. For example, within the research and innovation section, interlinking tags, RDF information, ontology instances and tagged content will enable these individuals to locate articles, films, books, services etc. more efficiently than prior to its implementation. Similarly, shareholders and investors may be able to locate critical decision making financial information with greater accuracy because of the inclusion of these methods. Furthermore, if blogging, RSS and wiki contribution features are available to the general consumer public, then such contributions can easily be located, edited, searched and viewed by various users. In addition, collaboration and discussions between end users and employees such as engineers and researchers can be made more efficient. This will be a key factor if voice of the consumer research and feedback were to be integrated into engineering efforts. Lastly, as a result of the embedded ontology meta-data, the site will be able to dynamically suggest related content for viewing based on a user’s search criteria and related other user search trends. Based on the potential of semantic web technologies, I am confident that its implementation would greatly increase the efficiency at my place of employment in the online learning industry. Firstly, from inter employee relations and collaboration perspective, as with Electricite de France, Semantic technologies would aid personnel with locating, organizing and working with organizational information resources. For example, the benefits could be realized in greater screening accuracy when selecting new candidates for Human resources, better database query tools for consumer trend data in marketing, and more efficient sharing of coding scripts for course development, to name a few uses. The other benefits that would arise would be from a consumer end user perspective. Currently, in the client services department (composed of technical support and student services) there is a knowledge base whereby end users such as students and instructors can search for already documented solutions for any inquires they may have. However, this search could be made vastly more superior and effective if semantic technologies were implemented within it. In such a scenario users would be able to find not only the solution to their own issue, but related issues as well as the ontology information would create these relationships. Moreover, less tech savvy users would have more success using the knowledge base then before as the system would be able to reference their search strings with synonymous words and phrases in finding a solution. So these are a few examples of the many conceivable benefits that could be derived from the implementation of this technology by my current employer. Kevin Fernando

COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL CARE - Essay Example The hospitals that Dr. Steven visits get a large number of people from the mainstream population which is predominantly white. However, he occasionally gets to see people from diverse cultural backgrounds, especially immigrants from the Middle Eastern countries like Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Ahmed Babak is an Iranian man who migrated in the late 1990s with his wife, Alicia Baig who is from the same country. After living in the UK for the last decade, Alicia is having problems with her husband who wants her to continue to wear hijab and prevents her from working at office. She wanted to take help from extended family members, some of who live in the same city, but Ameer Baig was not interested. Ahmed has been suffering from depression and memory loss and had been referred to Dr. Steven through the NHS. Dr. Steven has not been able to make a rapport with Ahmed, who feels intimidated by the six feet two doctor. He is reluctant to share the private and intimate details of his married life with someone who is a foreigner. Dr. Steven feels that Ahmed is from a relatively inhibited culture and that he needs to have more confidence in himself and be open about the realities. Ahmed also is not very fluent with English and he finds it difficult to understand Dr. Steven’s words. ... Ahmed does not want to sit alone with Dr. Steven and feels physically intimidated and overwhelmed in most of the sessions, while the Doctor has to rake his brains to put anything across his patient. PART B: 1. Skills for Effective Communication The above case study shows that the there are basic communication issues related to the differences in the social and cultural differences between the practitioner and the service user. Some of the skills that could be useful for better communication under the conditions are elaborated upon in the paragraphs below. 1.1 Skills: Understanding the Cultural and Social Context in order to Create Empathy and Security for the service user As per the communication theory of social constructionist, any communication is assumed to be based on the sharing of ideas and thoughts, the interpretation of which is rooted in the social dynamics of the people involved (Ritzer, 2008). The interaction between Dr. Steven and his client is a true reflection of the t heory, as though the duo are engaged in communication, their very different socio-cultural contexts make them have preconceived notions about each other and also prevent them from understanding each other’s messages correctly. For example, Dr. Steven is from a UK background, being born and educated in the UK and having faith in the Western methods and approaches to psychological therapy. He relies on the patients to provide him with information and details directly and explicitly, so that he may formulate a plan of action and therapy for them. However, in the case of Ahmed, he is from a Muslim Arab culture where direct conversations of personal issues and that too with strangers are

The era of the plutocrats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The era of the plutocrats - Essay Example He was not merely a financier and a banker but a philanthropist and an art collector. He gained his education in both US and Germany. He was trained as an accountant at Sherman and Company and in 1867, was transferred to his father's banking company Drexel, Morgan and Company where he became a partner in 10 years. In 1895, the company was renamed as J. P. Morgan and became a world renowned banking house. He was responsible for arranging the merger between Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houson Electric Company. The new company formed, General Electric came on to become the main electrical equipment manufacturing company in the country. He financed Federal Steel Company and merged it with Carnegie Steel Company which came on to become United States Steel Corporation. With the help of his network in London, he was able to attract British investment for growing industrial corporations in the U.S. as he played a major role in attaining capital for companies. He became a member of th e board of directors of many of these companies, most of which were rail road companies. This meant that by 1902, Morgan had control over 8,000 km of railroads in America. To gain control over major corporations, he concentrated his efforts on acquiring control of several banks and insurance companies. He was at times criticized for his hunger for power and his urge for gaining control (Simkin, JP Morgan) Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25th, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland to a handloom weaver. The Carnegie family had to immigrate to the United States in 1848 because of the economic depression. In America, Andrew began to work at the age of 12 at a local cotton factory while pursuing his education by attending night school. At 14, Andrew Carnegie took the job of messenger boy where his talent was duly noticed by the superintendent of the western division of the company, Thomas A. Scott. When during the Civil War Scott was made secretary, he took Carnegie along with him to Washi ngton to work as his right-hand man. Organizing the military telegraph system was part of Carnegie’s job. On becoming superintendent, Carnegie wisely invested in many promising ventures, one of which was Woodruff Sleeping Car Company and many other small iron mills and factories, the most important of which was the company which he owned a one-fifth share in: Keystone Bridge. Some of the major milestones he achieved include the opening of his steel furnace at Braddock, writing a series of books and articles through which he voiced his opinions that the rich should help the poor and a man that dies rich is disgraced. He also set up a fund which finances 3,000 public libraries (380 in Britain), the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, the Carnegie Institute of Technology and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. By the time of his death, he had donated $350,000,000 (Simkin, Andrew Carnegie). Born in New York in 1839, John Davidson Rockefeller at the young age of 16 became a cler k in a commission house. He wanted to work for himself and in 1850 by saving every penny he earned, he with an Englishman, Maurice Clark, opened his own company, Clark & Rockefeller Produce and Commission which sold farm implements, fertilizers and household goods. He sold his successful business for the more lucrative business of refining crude oil and started a company called Standard Oil. He was able to minimize costs by setting up an exclusive deal

Global marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global marketing - Research Paper Example & Carl (2010) the skimming pricing strategy is most effective in market conditions where the customers are more than willing to pay above average market price for goods and services. They also note that this strategy is effective for copyrighted, patented or trademarked products and innovative technological breakthrough. Apple has effectively employed the skimming strategy by introducing innovative technological products at a relatively high price (Smith, 2011). Penetration pricing strategy involves charging a lower price for a product relative to competitors’ price level, with the main objective serving the mass market and increasing the firm’s market share (Smith, 2011). The rationale for charging low price is that it would increase market share and economies of scale thus significantly lowering the overall production costs. In contrast to the skimming pricing strategy, charging lower prices implies that the firm relies on higher sales volume to attain break-even because of the low profits per unit of production (Tellis, 1986). Similarly, firms tend to take a longer period to recover the production costs using penetration strategy as compared to the skimming strategy. In addition, penetration pricing differs from skimming pricing because it tends to discourage entry of competitors in the market. Lamb, Joseph & Carl (2010) argue that penetration pricing strategy is more viable and effective in price sensitive market condition s. Smith (2011) observes that the penetration pricing strategy has been effectively implemented by Wal-Mart retail stores and android in order to capture the mass market and increase their market share. Holding pricing is a pricing decision that seeks to retain and maintain the market share (Smith, 2011). Currency fluctuations in the global business context may encourage firms to initiate price variations and adjustments in order to hold or maintain their market share. These price adjustments may affect the firm’s profitability, at

Innocent until Proven Guilty Police Body Cameras

Innocent until Proven Guilty Police Body Cameras All police officers should wear body cameras because it helps to protect the public, it helps with the police officers safety, the back and forth accusing of racial profiling, and also the neighborhood safety. Body cameras can serve as a reliable eyewitness. Without the body cameras, it would be the victims word against the police officers. According to The Daily Beast, These are the Victims of the Dallas Police Massacre Brent Thompson was an officer who died during the Dallas Police Massacre. Before joining the Department in 2009, Thompson trained police in Iraq and Afghanistan while working for a private military contractor. it also states how great of a police officer Thompson was andIn May, Thompson shared a meme that she read, when I die my friends better do this at my funeral written on top of a scene from the show Eastbound Down if worn cameras during the deadliest day for U.S law enforcement since 9/11 maybe the world would know who killed the wonderful officer Thompson. The use of body cameras can protect police officers from being falsely accused of unnecessary actions or brutality against suspected criminals. According to Considering Police body cameras, Marcus Jeter was arrested by New Jersey Police officers during the summer of 2012 and subsequently, charged with eluding the police, resisting arrest, and aggravated assault on a police officer. Parts of this encounter, were caught on tape by the dashboard camera in the officers cruiser. Jeter maintains from the beginning that the officers has used excessive force while arresting him and that he had not acted violently. The Bloomfield Police Department conducted an internal investigation and found the officers did nothing wrong. Jeters arrest, his attorney uncovered evidence that a second police cruiser had been on the scene that night. This shows how police officers are also getting the protection they deserve while using body cameras, without this evidence from the video cameras it would of been the officers word against Jeters. Police officers are more likely to be protected from criminals trying to attack them because evidence is available to contact them. The number of deaths from last year has been outrageous. Many people are concerned about not only the safety of citizens but also the use of guns. Some people feel as if the deaths of most citizens has been because of the use of racial profiling. Veronica Majerol from New York Times Upfront states in the case of Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenager. Some witnesses confirmed Officer Darren Wilsons account that hed shot Michael Brown in self-defense. Others said Brown didnt pose a threat and that the shooting amounted to murder. A jury decided not to charge Wilson with a crime, but what really happened that night? If the encounter had been captured on video, some would have argued wed know After Wilsons innocence and the death of Brown thousands of people looked at this case as the use of racial profiling killing innocent people because of the color of their skin. As stated above people would know more about the case of Browns and hes death if use of body cameras were worn during t his incident. Furthermore, body cameras is also a great way to create safer communities. David French response to Trayvon Martin case An armed neighborhood-watch volunteer, George Zimmerman, shot and killed an unarmed teen, Trayvon Martin. Zimmerman claimed Martin had attacked him without any justifiable provocation. With that being said if Zimmerman was wearing a body cameras during his claim attack by the teenage boy February 26, 2016 this would of shown rather or not Martin did actually attack him. So many thing is going in the world today rather its public safety, the officers safety, the racial profiling, or even neighborhood safety. Cops will be more protected if wearing a video camera, just like the police ovth says you are innocent until proven guilty and the video cameras shows just that, and also more of a suspect and a victim. References 13-Year-Old With a BB Gun Is Shot and Killed by Police in Columbus, Ohio. Daily Intelligencer, 15 Sept. 2016. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA463581242it=rasid=cda072b43290f61613c17c1b2ebfa48b. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Body of evidence grows, but questions remain about police body cameras. American City County, 28 Sept. 2016. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA465071065it=rasid=950657093dd447a10f9907a85c057467. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Considering police body cameras. Harvard Law Review, Apr. 2015, p. 1794+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA412800618it=rasid=5a50cce41c3ebfd18f649a9ba6938064. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Majerol, Veronica. Should police wear body cameras? While video can tell us a lot about encounters between the police and the public, body cams also raise concerns about privacy. New York Times Upfront, 7 Sept. 2015, p. 6+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA436695119it=rasid=524ebcba9260ccc1380ec5d4a7ecd396. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017.

Little Boy Essay -- Informative, Manhattan Project, Hiroshima

At midnight on August 6, 1945, the crew of the Enola Gay got the orders to get ready for their mission. By 2:45 AM they were all packed, ready to go, and took off for their intended target (Black & Blashfield, 1993, p. 30). They flew through the darkness of the night sky for many hours. Dawn appeared and finally Enola Gay came close to their future objective. Then, around 7:24 AM, the pilot received a transmission from a weather aircraft, which had flown ahead of them, that there was hardly a cloud in the sky and that they should continue to their goal (p. 30). As they grew closer to Hiroshima, about 30 miles away, the captain gave the controls over to Major Ferebee (p. 30). As the minutes and seconds passed by it seemed perpetual. Finally at 8:15:17 Major Ferebee yelled out, â€Å"Bombs away!† (p. 30). It took about 50 seconds for the atomic bomb to fall and reach1,900 feet above the city where it exploded (Langford, 2004, p. 57). One of the crew members commented on it: A column of smoke rising fast. It has a fiery red core. A bubbling mass, purple gray in color, with that red core. It’s all turbulent. Fires are springing up everywhere, like flames shooting out of a huge bed of coals†¦Here it comes, the mushroom shape†¦It’s like a mass of bubbling molasses†¦its nearly level with me and climbing†¦(pp. 32-34). Never again will anything be the same. Creating In New York City the main ideas about the atomic bomb were developed, it was called the â€Å"Manhattan Project†. It was originally General Leslie R. Groves that was put in charge of the development of the atomic bomb. He wasn’t exactly people friendly so he got Dr. Julius Robert Oppenheimer, a civilian, involved as a project director. Communication and working proficient... ...nt of the buildings were destroyed by the blast or the fires that started because of it (Encyclopedia.com). If the blast didn’t destroy the buildings at first then the heat from the bomb caused fires that slowly destroyed the buildings. Cleaning Up A â€Å"black rain† fell from the sky, for about an hour after the blast, it had radioactive debris dropping everywhere. There was no actual help from Japan officials, at first. It was just people that were less injured and that could help, would. In the days that followed, mostly collecting and disposing of the bodies. If they were recognizable and were claimed a funeral would be held for them. Collecting and storing contaminated debris was next. Eventually, rebuilding the city began. With rebuilding of the city there was a memorial park built called Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, with donations of monuments.

Assembly Format

SCHOOL ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE, ATTENTION. Good Morning to one and all present here. I am Shivangi Goswami of Class 8 A standing before you to conduct today’s assembly. One man with courage is a majority. This famous quote was said by Thomas Jeffery, meaning one man who has courage can do anything and is capable enough to do any task at hand. So friends today the theme of our assembly is courage. The one who has the made the world, the one who has made us and the one who has blessed us with all our abilities is none other than our Almighty Father.So to acknowledge him for his deeds and blessings, I would like to call some of the boys of our class. Thank you for your acknowledging world. The love, affection, respect and devotion for god cannot be expressed only through words. To thank god in a wonderful way I present my class with the choir. That was indeed melodious. A class without a teacher, a flower without petals and a day without a thought is incomplete. So Nabin and Nih arika are here with a charming and delightful thought on courage. Thank you Nabin and Niharika.N for north, E for east, W for west and s for south. All these letters together makes the news. So to update us with the latest happenings around the globe, I call upon our young reporters Harpal, __________and____________ with the news. Thank you Harpal, ___________ and __________. Courage is not the absence of fear but rather the judgment that something else is important than fear. To through some more light on the assembly’s theme Courage, may I call upon Swaraj for the special assembly speech.Thank you Swaraj. Birthdays come once in a year. So we should celebrate it enthusiastically. May I call upon all the birthday students at the center stage as it is time to wish them a very happy birthday. On behalf of Class 8 A, I wish all the birthday students a very happy birthday. May I call upon our class teacher for making some announcements. Thank you madam. SCHOOL ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE, ATTENTION Now it’s time for the national anthem and the national anthem begins.

Exploring Family Life Education Social Work Essays

Exploring Family Life Education Social Work Essays Exploring Family Life Education Social Work Essay Exploring Family Life Education Social Work Essay We live in a civilization where households are challenged with jobs all the clip. Regardless of what the jobs may be, households need assist developing accomplishments to pass on efficaciously and beef up their relationships. While most single can acknowledge that their households need aid, they often are non adequately prepared to assist their households make needed alterations. Obtaining a Masters of Humanistic disciplines in Family and Consumers Science- Family Studies Concentration will assist me to assist others fix for alteration and finally accomplish both my short-run and long-run ends. In the short term, I hope to work my manner up to go the Lead Housing Resource Specialist at Community Rebuilders. Currently, I m a Housing Resource Specialist. This experience has created a passion in me to work in the household surveies field and larn more about it. A cardinal constituent that I have found common among all of my clients is that they all wish they could hold been prepared for their jobs. That tells me that if my clients had bar methods in topographic point, their jobs may non hold been a major job to get down with. Family Life Education works from the bar theoretical account because it teaches persons and households how to better household life and to forestall jobs before they occur. Family jobs, when they can be addressed through bar, are less detrimental for people and less expensive for society. My long term end is to assist educate households as an Executive Director of a non-profit bureau. While analyzing for the Masters plan, I hope to develop the instruction and skill-set in order to make my ends. I want to go an effectual and advanced professional who can supply effectual instruction and bar services for households through services my bureau can supply. I want to go an person of high moral and ethical criterions whose bureau can work as a alteration agent in my community. Analyzing for the Masters of Humanistic disciplines in Family and Consumer Science- Family Life Education is a fantastic chance because I will be able to larn the different parts of the household and learn to see how they function as a whole. The Fundamentalss classs should give me the model, while the advanced classs will supply a more specific preparation. During survey, I will besides look to take an internship and/or auxiliary categories to assist foster my experience. It is the ability to understand the many different facets of the household that will fix me to carry through my long-run end of going an Executive Director. Equally of import, I hope to larn from my fellow pupils and portion with them some of the lessons I have gained from my experience. The best lesson I have learned while working at Community Rebuilders is to step out of the box and think of new solutions to old jobs. These originative minutes are what will travel a household frontward during difficult times. I e xpect that alumnus work at Western Michigan University will be demanding, disputing, and exciting, and I look frontward to go toing. During my clip in graduate school, I expect to have the chance to larn, turn, and evolve as a individual and a household life pedagogue. I am prepared and look frontward to puting myself, my clip, and my energy toward gaining that grade. I hope I will be allowed to make so at WMU. TOMARA L. MITCHELL ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3841 Yorkland Drive NW Apt. No. 9 Comstock Park, MI 49321 ( 616 ) 337-1852 TomaraMitchell @ gmail.com Profile Seeking a place which will enable me to use interpersonal and leading accomplishments to positively impact societal issues impacting households. Interact efficaciously with people of changing civilizations, backgrounds and professional degrees. Committed to set uping connexion and edifice strong relationships with all people. Skilled at placing strengths and failings in schemes and in making compassionate and non-judgmental solutions to jobs. Prove to be extremely motivated and difficult working. Possess first-class clip direction accomplishments. Education Bachelor s Degree in Sociology/General University Studies- April 2009 Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI Minor: Social Work Related Coursework: Crisiss and Resilience in Families Social Work Services and Professional Roles Social Welfare as a Social Institution Intro to Culture, Ethnicity, and Institutionalized Inequality in Social Work Practice Social Work Research Methods Human Behavior and the Social Environment Group Community and Organizational Behavior Child Psychology Global Ecology of the Family Employment Experience Community Rebuilders, Grand Rapids, MI February 2010 -Present Housing Resource Specialist Operate assigned rapid re-housing and bar plans Assist participants in placement and procuring lodging of their pick Assist participants in development of strength-based end and action programs that promotes lasting lodging Provide guidance and protagonism to participants Facilitate and organize supportive service activities for participants Serve as an ongoing affair between belongings directors and participants Hope Network, Grand Rapids, MI October 2009 March 2010 Community Living Support Provided direct supervising to persons in residential plans. Displayed appropriate behaviour and Teachs life accomplishments to occupants. Provided rating and direction in countries of day-to-day populating accomplishments or independent life accomplishments to heighten the occupants ability to make his/her highest degree of independency. Muskegon Heights Public Schools, Muskegon Heights, MI, September 2009 February 2010 On-Call Substitute Teacher Followed lesson programs, left by the lasting instructor. Created and maintained a clime of regard and equity for all pupils. Used schoolroom instructional clip suitably and sagely Tax Connection Worldwide, Muskegon, MI, January 2009 March 2009 Seasonal Tax Preparer Prepared clients federal and province returns Provided client service by rapidly and efficaciously treating minutess to guarantee return concern and client satisfaction Answered multi-line phones, greeted clients and performed light clerical work MOKA Inc. , Grand Haven, MI, July 2006 January 2008 Resident Support Staff Supporting little groups of developmentally handicapped and/or mentally sick persons in residential scene Teaching accomplishments with the end of independent life. Heritage Community, Kalamazoo, MI, September 2005 December 2005 Personal Care Assistant Provided comprehensive, quality patient attention in the country s top retirement community Used acquired formal cognition and accomplishments Represent the concerns of the occupant and their household Collaborate with squad members towards the development and accomplishment of optimum resident ends. Family and Children Services, Kalamazoo, MI, February 2005 July 2005 Respite Care Worker Managed little group home-like scene for kids 4 17 with terrible emotional and/or developmental disablements Served as function theoretical account, encouraged and supported personal behavioural growing and helped develop professional and life accomplishments Maintained healthy environment, inventoried and ordered supplies, and complied with local and province ordinances Lowe s Home Improvement, Portage, MI, July 2003 December 2004 Customer Service Representative Provided client service by rapidly and efficaciously treating minutess to guarantee return concern and client satisfaction Informed clients of new points and publicities that were available to better the client shopping experience Completed paperwork, handled hard currency, answered phones, and transferred calls when needed. Muskegon Heights Public, Muskegon Hts. , MI, September 2001 July 2002 Office Assistant/ Summer Program Coach Answered multi-line phones, greeted clients and performed light clerical work Acquired high degree of communicating accomplishments and learned to rapidly measure and hasten client demands. Ran tutoring Sessionss on day-to-day footing for simple elderly childs during summer school plan Graded work hebdomadally and tracked single advancement

Endothermic Reactions Demonstration

Endothermic Reactions Demonstration An endothermic process or reaction absorbs energy in the form of heat (endergonic processes or reactions absorb energy, not necessarily as heat). Examples of endothermic processes include the melting of ice and the depressurization of a pressurized can. In both processes, heat is absorbed from the environment. You could record the temperature change using a thermometer or by feeling the reaction with your hand. The reaction between citric acid and baking soda is a highly safe example of an endothermic reaction, commonly used as a chemistry demonstration. Demonstration Do you want a colder reaction? Solid barium hydroxide reacted with solid ammonium thiocyanate produces barium thiocyanate, ammonia gas, and liquid water. This reaction gets down to -20Â °C or -30Â °C, which is more than cold enough to freeze water. Its also cold enough to give you frostbite, so be careful! The reaction proceeds according to the following equation: Ba(OH)2.8H2O (s) 2 NH4SCN (s) Ba(SCN)2 (s) 10 H2O (l) 2 NH3 (g) Materials 32g barium hydroxide octahydrate17g ammonium thiocyanate (or could use ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride)125-ml flaskStirring rod Instructions Pour the barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate into the flask.Stir the mixture.The odor of ammonia should become evident within about 30 seconds. If you hold a piece of dampened litmus paper over the reaction you can watch a color change showing that the gas produced by the reaction is basic.Liquid will be produced, which will freeze into slush as the reaction proceeds.If you set the flask on a damp block of wood or piece of cardboard while performing the reaction you can freeze the bottom of the flask to the wood or paper. You can touch the outside of the flask, but dont hold it in your hand while performing the reaction.After the demonstration is completed, the contents of the flask can be washed down the drain with water. Do not drink the contents of the flask. Avoid skin contact. If you get any solution on your skin, rinse it off with water.

Compare two styles of art Da Vinci's Last supper and Tintoretto's The Essay

Compare two styles of art Da Vinci's Last supper and Tintoretto's The Last Supper - Essay Example The most prominent is obviously the use of lit halos – Jesus’s head is fully enshrined by a glowing sun of light, while is apostles each have their own much smaller halo as well. But Tintoretto also includes common people in his composition, washing the floor, serving people and so on – these people have no halos at all. This disparity in that visual element creates a clear hierarchy – Jesus is the most holy, and is on a plane wholly above the apostles, who are, in turn, more holy than the common people – the composition emphasizes the otherness and superiority of Jesus and his companions. DaVinci’s composition, on the other hand serves almost the opposite purpose. The only prominence given to Jesus is his place at the centre of the table, somewhat separated from his companions. But otherwise he bears no particular marks of holiness, and his companions jostle together in the conviviality of the meal. This connects the subjects of the painting, Jesus and the Apostles, to the viewer, who has no doubt also experienced such an occasion amongst friends. This emphasizes the humanity of Jesus and his companions, and encourages the viewer to follower their examples, showing that they, as amazing as they were, they were people too, and can be emulated. These two paintings, though both quite striking, diverge drastically in the connection they make between their subject and their viewer, with Tinteretto’s creating distance, and DaVinci’s creating

Enron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Enron - Essay Example It was only after the scandal that the government decided to do something about the prevention of possible future crimes that might be committed. Ethical considerations for the case and verdict required that no further information on the criminal case was leaked out into the public. As for justice on the crimes that were committed, the defendants had to pay for their crimes and were sent to jail. As much as they claimed that they were innocent, the jury had found them guilty with no biases made. The victims, although suffered terrible losses in terms of finances in the market, nothing more could be asked as the criminals who were the cause of the crime were sent to jail—it was better than having the criminals set loose. For the rest of the people in society who were not involved in the incident, justice was served as the government had took action to close the company so as to prevent more probable problems that might come from them. As a result of the scandal, the UK and the USA were the first countries to make the necessary changes so as to prevent anything like the scandal to happen again. Accountability and legal changes were made and this lead to the creation of the Sarbanes-Oaxely Act which required that CEO and CFO of any company to certify annual reports that will be passed to the government. The inability to do the required action of the law meant the probability of facing charges on the part of the CEO and CFO (â€Å"What is the Sarbanes-Oxely Act?

Supreme Court of the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supreme Court of the US - Essay Example It is evident from the very outset that the small, quiet city of Intrusion is indeed, in a state of panic; a state of affairs that the state is, in fact, responsible for – the protection of life. The suspicion that someone was selling methamphetamine illegally to the locals, more so to the underage [teenagers] and that and a popular life has been lost due to inappropriate use of the said chemical has been proved beyond doubt. I firm the legal principles that give the police department the right to protect life, people and their properties thereof. However, so must be done according to the constitution. In this very case, the state prosecutor advised the police department to talk with the local cell phone carrier about â€Å"cloning† the phone of a suspect, Mr. Doe’s, which was done, in effect, allowing the police to read text messages sent and received by Mr. Doe. In no time the police had evidence implicating Mr. Doe as a dealer and the location of the meth lab, leading to the accused being convicted and his meth lab being closed.   This case requires the explicit legal based decision on whether the interception of Mr. Doe’s text messages via a cloned phone was but an unreasonable search and seizure, exceeding the provisions of the Fourth Amendment. It is important to note that though individual’s privacy is doubt fundamental in this case, the degree to which the principles of search and seizure, more so of crucial evidence, promotes legitimate collective interests must not be lost, for laws enjoyed by every citizen of this nation also carry certain responsibilities (Bond v the United States 539).   Cell phones are important tools of communication, with criminal enterprises included in the same processes.

The Power of Nonviolence Essay Example for Free

The Power of Nonviolence Essay â€Å"We heard that the city had decided to allow the police officials to stand by and allow the hoodlum element to come in and attack us†. The story â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence† by John Lewis takes place in the Southern United States during the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. An important theme revealed in â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence† is life can be hard but you should always keep going that is what gets you were you are. Three ways that this theme is revealed are, John Lewis and other blacks being discriminated against, John and his friends doing the sit-ins, and Nashville desegregating the lunch counters. The first way the theme is revealed is by John Lewis and other blacks being discriminated against. In the Southern States black people were discriminated against and were not allowed to eat or watch movies at the same places as white people because they were â€Å"colored†. Because of their skin they were denied the same things as white people. As shown in this quote â€Å"You bought your ticket at the same window that the white people did, but they could sit downstairs, and you had to go upstairs.† This quote supports the theme because it shows how hard life is on them and how they go on. The second way the theme is revealed is by John and his friends doing the sit-ins. Many people would go into the segregated places that served food and sit at the counters and wait to be served. Some times they wouldn’t get served at all other times they would get attacked, but they refused to fight back violently. As seen in this quote â€Å"They would sit down in a very orderly, peaceful, nonviolent fashion and wait to be served.† This quote supports the theme because they won’t back down and kept going on through hard times. The final way the theme is revealed is by Nashville desegregating the lunch counters. After months of the peaceful non violent sit-ins Nashville became the first city to desegregate its lunch counters and let blacks eat there too. As shown in this quote â€Å"And so Nashville became the first major city in the south to desegregate its downtown lunch counters and restaurants. That was the power of non violence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this final quote reinforces the theme by showing that they got were they wanted to because they kept going on through hard times. The theme revealed in â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence† is life can be hard but you should always keep going that is what gets you were you are. Three ways that this theme was revealed were, discrimination all over the southern states, students participating in lunch counter sit-ins, and Nashville desegregating its lunch counters. Though out the story I was affected deeply by the careless discrimination and realized how horrible that it is and it let me see the light and realize what I was doing wrong and what I can do to correct it and fix the problems of discrimination.

To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel - :: English Literature

To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel - chap6 Salinas River consequences of Lennies actions. To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel? Chapter 6 takes place at the Salinas River in the late afternoon where we see the consequences of Lennies actions. After murdering Curley's wife in the barn, Lennie has gone on the run and hides in the brush. George finds Lennie and tries to give him a fear free death. This is probably the most moving chapter of the novel. In many ways I find it a satisfying ending, but there is also an element of surprise in the fact that it is George who kills his best friend Lennie, although Steinbeck has prepared us with the death of Candy's dog and Curleys wife. The impact of the ending is very poignant and touching as I feel sympathy for Lennie as I feel I understand him better than the other characters that have died. The link between the beginning of the novel and the end makes it more complete as there is a full circle. The setting that they're in, along the Salinas River with men shouting, and the reason why they are there are also similar to the beginning of the novel and this has looped. Lennie is running from this ranch, the same as in the beginning as they ran away from Weed. But the previous reason was not as serious as this one. Lennie had been accused of raping a woman, whereas this instance he has murdered one. The only other difference in this is that Lennie expects George to follow him and they would both escape together, but that was not to be the story. This was unexpected in the way that George killed Lennie, but Lennie had done too many bad things and this time he had crossed over the line and George had had enough. Lennies hallucination shows how he's imitating all the people close to him. This could be a sign of him going insane and not knowing what to do. When George arrives at the brush, Lennie is trying to make him follow the same ritual by first of all waiting as George tells him off, and then attempts to make him feel guilty by saying how he could run away and live in a cave. After that George would feel sorry for Lennie and they would make up and talk about the ranch and the rabbits. Lennie thinks that he is succeeding, but it creates an empathetic mood when George finally shoots Lennie.

McDonalds Cross-Cultural Analysis Essay

Introduction The Internet has made the world a smaller place, especially when it comes to online business – it’s now just as easy for a company to attract customers in Nairobi as it is in Nevada. This technological globalization doesn’t translate to cultural homogeneity, though–while you might be able to find a McDonalds in nearly every city on earth now, that doesn’t mean that every city eats and thinks and shops in the same way. Every national and cultural group in the world retains its own language, its own metaphors, its own identity, and thus, its own way of shopping. At about the same pace as the popularity of the Internet increased, visions flourished of the World Wide Web as a tool for bringing the world together. The marketing world in particular quickly embraced the Internet as an ideal medium for reaching beyond domestic markets in order to disseminate products to foreign markets. By understanding how communication styles may be reflected on websites, we come a step further towards identifying, and subsequently realizing the potentials of, the interactive nature of the Internet. This would be rewarding not only from the marketing perspective, but also for those organizations that are working on bringing the world closer together through dialogue. Intercultural communication competence, as Chen and Starosta [1] note, is imperative for human progress, and it is by studying communication  styles and understanding how to use them that we may be able to communicate more clearly, and promote dialogue between â€Å"us† and â€Å"them.† The interactive and global nature of the Internet has fostered many visions of mutual understanding among cultures, although the means for achieving this are still at a very early, exploratory stage. A number of studies on the relationship between website design and cultural dimensions have been conducted. Studies like Marcus and Gould [2] and Sheridan [3] analyzed both commercial and non-commercial websites in an effort to identify relationships between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and visual presentation on the. In this work also were used Hofsted’s researches[4, 5], mainly his typology of cultures that is the most widely accepted and frequently cited theories. Also Hall’s description of some cultural dimensions was used [1, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Kluckhohn’s and Strodtbeck’s ‘Variations in value orientations’[11], Gudykunst’s [12] and Lewis’s [13] researches devoted to cultural specifics of different countries are mentioned in this study. In this work we will try to analyze the effectiveness of communication between company and customers on current websites of McDonald’s in the next five countries: Ukraine, Russia, Germany, America and Canada; and make some recommendations how to improve them according to their cultural specifics. 1 Theoretical Issues and Ideas 1.1 Website as Method of Communication between Company and Its Customers The Internet becomes more and more popular all over the world. People use it for communication, business or just to look for the information they need. The Internet is a truly global thing. Growing importance of Internet is making communication through websites between companies and customers more and more significant. The Internet environment is not only a simple tool to promote a business, but it also offers opportunities to supply information; it is an efficient platform to communicate with the clients. It’s great opportunity for companies to get feedback from their customers; attract them and improve the vision of the company. Significant result of effective communication is improved branding. If the message or purpose of the company is communicated effectively to visitors, it will leave an impression on them  that will help form their image of the company. Branding is important online and off, and the messages being sent are a major factor. Website is cost effective, pa per free communication. Using website, company can reach the wider audience and it’s open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, so it can distribute information internally within the organization, as well as to share information with business partners, clients and suppliers. New customers will be able to locate company and company’s information and will always know where to contact the company. [14]] Company can inform customers about changes, sales, bonus campaigns, etc.; gain valuable market research, to build trust and finally reduce printing and mailing costs. A professional-looking site can help company to be taken seriously and build credibility and trust. Many consumers search for information online before purchasing at a physical store; company’s site can make a good first impression on a potential customer. At the same time customers can express their attitude towards company, their wishes and judgments about different campaigns or products proposed by the company. Developing a web-site makes it possible a very good communication with the clients and this leads, finally, to a constant adaptation of the company’s offer to the continuously changing customers’ requests. The most efficient web-site is the one that is integrated into company’s informatics system. By creating its own website, a company gets the possibility to influence in a positive way, the evolution of its activity. This way, the company becomes more efficient, with a more flexible internal functionality, more careful with the customers’ needs and expectations.[15] 1.2 McDonald’s Corporation McDonald’s Corporation is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 64 million customers daily in 119 countries, and there is the same number of websites nowadays. Currently 1.7 million people work for Brand McDonald’s. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by the eponymous Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using production line principles. Businessman Ray Kroc joined the company as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain  from the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth. A McDonald’s restaurant is operated by either a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporation’s revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonald’s primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburger s, chicken, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, shakes and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit. McDonald’s has a charity organization Ronald McDonald House Charities which functions in 52 countries. Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC) is an independent organization whose mission is to create, find and support programs that directly improve the health and well being of children across the world. Programs are grass-roots driven to enable the Charity to offer help where children need it most—right in their own communities. RMHC has three core programs: the Ronald McDonald House, Ronald McDonald Family Room and Ronald McDonald Care Mobile. McDonald’s started its global diversity journey by creating the Global Women’s Initiative in 2009. This initiative is active in all of McDonald’s operating areas of the world and is sponsored globally by Don Thompson, McDonald’s COO. In each part of the world, this initiative supports the recruitment, development, and advancement of women at all levels of the company while creating a culture where wome n have the opportunity to succeed and grow. In 2011, the Catalyst organization recognized the Global Women’s Initiative as an innovative and systemic means through which women can thrive in the McDonald’s system and awarded the company the prestigious Catalyst Award. As a result of the global concentration, women’s business networks have been formed and have quickly grown. McDonald’s has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign. In addition to the usual media (television, radio, and newspaper), the company makes significant use of billboards and signage, sponsors sporting events ranging from Little League to the Olympic Games, and makes coolers of orange drink with its logo available for local events of all kinds. Nonetheless, television has always played a central role in the company’s advertising strategy. ‘I’m lovin’ it’ is an international branding campaign by McDonald’s Corporation. It was created by Heye & Partner, a longtime McDonald’s agency based in Unterhaching, Germany. It was the company’s first global advertising campaign and was launched in  Munich, Germany on September 2, 2003, under the German title ‘ich liebe es’. The English part of the campaign was launched in Australia on September 21, 2003, the UK on September 17, 2003, and in the USA on September 29, 2003 with the music of Tom Batoy and Franco Tortora and vocals by Ju stin Timberlake, in which the slogan appears. In 2007, after a public casting call which received 15,000 submissions, McDonald’s selected 24 people to appear as part of the campaign. Images of those chosen, who had submitted a story and digital photograph which â€Å"captured †¦ themes of inspiration, passion and fun,† appeared on McDonald’s paper bags and cups worldwide [16]. 1.3 Analysis’s Criteria In this study is used the collectivism versus individualism dimension, which was proposed by Geert Hofstede. Individualism is the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. Values in collectivistic cultures include training, physical condition and the use of skills whereas in individualistic cultures values are personal time, freedom and challenge. Another of Hofstede’s dimensions is power distance. This dimension expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The fundamental issue here is how a society handles inequalities among people. People in societies exhibiting a large degree of power distance accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. In societies with low power distance, people strive to equalize the distribution of power and demand justification for inequalities of power [17]. In F. Trompenaar’s interpretation there are the next cultural factors: equality and hierarchy. Equality corresponds with low power distance and hierarchy with high power distance. Equality is about all people having equal status. It assumes we all have equal rights,  irrespective of birth or other gift. Hierarchy is about people being superior to others. It assumes that order happens when few are in charges and others obey through the scalar chain of command [18]. One more dimension is uncertainty avoidance. According to G. Hofstede uncertainty avoidance deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man’s search for Truth. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by stric t laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; ‘there can only be one Truth and we have it’ . The next criterion used in analysis is high and low context of culture, which was found by E. Hall. Hall observed that â€Å"meaning and context are inextricably bound up with each other† [19], and suggested that to understand communication one should look at meaning and context together with the code (i.e., the words themselves). By context, we refer to the situation, background, or environment connected to an event, a situation, or an individual. When communication is high-context, it is not only the non-verbal and para-verbal communication that comes into play. High-context communication draws on physical aspects as well as the time and situation in which the communication takes place, not to mention the relationship between the interlocutors. The closer the relationship, the more high-context the communication tends to be, drawing on the shared knowledge of the communicating parties. Gudykunst identified high-context communication to be indirect, ambiguous, maintaining of harmony, reserved and understated. In contrast, low-context communication was identified as direct, precise, dramatic, open, and based on feelings or true intentions. The next Hall’s cultural factor used is time. There are two types of time: monochronic time and polychronic time. Monochronic, as he called it M-Time, means doing one thing at a time. It assumes careful planning and scheduling and is a familiar Western approach that appears in disciplines such as ‘time management’. Monochronic people tend also to be low context. In Polychronic cultures, human interaction is valued over time and material things, leading to a lesser concern for ‘getting things done’ – they do get done, but more  in their own time. Aboriginal and Native Americans have typical polychronic cultures, where ‘talking stick’ meetings can go on for as long as somebody has something to say. Polychronic people tend also to be high context. According to Richard Lewis we can divide all cultures in three groups: monoactive, polactive and reactive. Monoactive cultures – it is cultures, where activity complies with clear planning and organized in definite orded, they do not approve distractions to other tasks and percept the time linearly. Polyactive cultures are people-oriented, talkative and communicative, can make several actions at ones. In reactive cultures activity depends on changing situation and appears to be a reaction on these changes. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck did some germinal work in drawing up a conceptual map which tried to include the complete range of values which it is possible for human beings to hold in relation to five key issues about which all human beings hold opinions. Orientation Postulated range of variations Human nature evil neutral mix of good and evil good changeable unchangeable changeable unchangeable changeable unchangeable Man-nature subjugation to nature harmony with nature mastery over nature Time past present future Activity being being in becoming doing Relational lineality collaterality individualism 2 Communicative Effectiveness of the Company Website in Various Countries 2.1 McDonald’s Site for Ukrainian Customers Ukrainian culture is more likely to be high-context than low context. By Hall high-context communication involves â€Å"more of the information in the physical context or internalized in the person†, that is why this cultures usually use more imagery and less text, people are expected to read between the lines and greater confidence is placed in the non-verbal aspects of communication. These features are notably represented on the ‘Ukrainian’ website: one can view the process of preparing food in stage by stage pictures with minimum accompanying text. One more example is a list of suppliers shown as a table of logotypes of these companies. Also the main page contains illustrations of dishes moving through the screen; links to other pages are given as small pictures connected with their content, for example if you want to go to the page where you can find more about quality of milk you should click the picture of a cow. So this site communicates by means of links a nd information stated in a limited amount of text with illustrations. This gives not very transparent overview of the content in the website and often requires that the user finds out the information placing the cursor over the link to reveal more content before finally clicking this link. The term transparency is borrowed from the usability field. Basing on the â€Å"Variations in Value Orientations† Ukrainians perceive an individual as a mixture of bad and good features. According to Terri  Morrison the level of trust is rather low: the Ukrainians are suspicious of other people and along with it they are likely to rely on objective factual information , based on their own experience [20]. There are a large amount of information devoted to the quality of milk and each component of food such as its composition and great diversity of food quality certificates. One more interesting feature is presence of variety of graphs which reflect the results of polls after Doors Open Day (DOD). But people in our country do not believe this information, they think it can be falsified and that the company deceives them just to gain profit. This part of content doesn’t work effectively. By Marcus & Gould strong focus on expertise, authority, certifications, official st amps or logos can be explained by high power distance. In addition the site contains a special section which describes you how to apply for participation in DOD and provides you with a video of the previous excursions. These features may appeal to relatively high level of uncertainty avoidance in Ukraine. 2.2 McDonald’s Site for Russian Customers Russia is collectivistic culture – it’s one of dimensions found be Geert Hofstede, which is characterized by tight social frameworks in which people distinguish between groups. The site promotes collectivistic values; it is reflected in the imagery of the website, such as images of the groups of people who involved in various activities like dancing, singing, coffee drinking and doing some sports. Values in collectivistic cultures include training and physical condition. ‘Russian’ website includes special section called ‘be active’, which offers different physical exercises for boys and girls and contains sets of photographs of competitions navigated in various cities. Russian culture is relatively high-context which according to E. Hall means that the most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the explicit, transmitted part of the message. Using this feature towards website a lot of animations and pictures are ex pected, and we can find a lot of them on the ‘Russian’ site. Animation effects are represented almost on each page and a lot of photos and bright, eye catching images are also placed. The power distance dimension offered by G. Hofstede is apparent in hierarchical structure of the website. According to Marcus  and Gould high power distance is reflected in tall hierarchical website structures, either through the implementation of many pages with unstructured layout, or the opening of new browser windows for new pages, instead of the same browser window. This description completely depicts the structure of ‘Russian ’site: there are many sidebars and menus, new browser window opens for each new page. The homepage features a large collection of links, and describes clearly what lays behind them though the use of headings, subheadings and illustrations. This makes it possible for the visitor to find what he or she interested in immediately, navigation schemes intended to prevent users from becoming lost. These features may appeal to two different parameters: high uncertainty avoidance proposed by G. Hofstede to explain a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; and by Lewis R.D. polyactivity – impatience and willingness to act quickly. 2.3 McDonald’s Site for German Customers German culture is more likely to be individualistic culture than collectivistic one, according to Geert Hofstede it means that individuals expected to be independent of others and look after themselves. We can see that pictures on the site promote individualistic values like personal time and freedom: individuals shown alone, enjoying themselves and usually products are placed with them. Individualistic culture is inclined to make a direct connection between the individual and the product. We can explain this effect by referring to Marcus and Gould, who suggested that the individualism and collectivism may influence the importance given to individuals versus products shown by themselves or in groups and that in individualism images demonstrated through materialism and consumerism. German is very low-context culture and as it explained by E. Hall more explanation is needed and very little is taken for granted in this cultures. As we can see the ‘German’ website is full of text information and large amount of wordage is used on each page, whilst only two pages have animated effects and on some pages the imagery is very poor. ‘German’ website can be described as a very transparent site, which may also appeal to the low context of this culture; so it provides a detailed overview of the rest of the site on the homepage and each subheading has a small picture  corresponding with the content of relevant page. It can also be explained by high uncertainty avoidance – there are attempts to reveal or forecast the results of implications of actions before users act. Navigation through the site is linear and new pages constantly open in the same browser window – this appeals to monoactivity of German culture, which by R. Lewis means that it can make only one action during definite time. In German time is monochronic and special attention devoted to the speed of actions; websit e with the structure mentioned above is not goal-oriented and users are expected to be willing to explore the site and seek for information. Social roles are not used to organize the information it means that all sections are obvious to all users and not sealed off from them; prominence given to customers and employees – these features may appeal to the relatively low power distance. 2.4 McDonald’s Site for American Customers In contrast to Ukrainian American is low-context culture. M. Hall described low-context cultures as those in which â€Å"the mass of information is vested in the explicit code† that is why these cultures are identified, direct, precise, dramatic, open, and basing on feelings or true intentions, people don’t communicate with gestures, the meaning depends on content and the spoken word, what means a verbal communication. These features are represented on the ‘American’ website: one can read a lot of information about different kinds of hamburgers, which is presented with text and with fewer occurrences of animations. Website is kept as practical as possible and has direct sources of information, for example additional information about components contained in food is placed below the page as boxes in which you can see the process of growth of this components and an information about it, and when you click this box a new page opens and the information appear a s text without illustrations. One more example is that only the main page consists of heavy images, pop-up effects, moving elements which accompanied by scaring music; this is one more proof of the low-context of American culture. On the ‘American’ website there is a promotion tab, when you click on it a new page opens as a game, this is a fast message for people. By Halls fast message are adept at creating quick  contacts, but may also be perceived as superficial. Based on the work of Kaplan [21] and Chen and Starosta, Choe [22] low-context culture tend to emphasize logic and rationality, based on the belief that there is always an objective truth that can be reached through linear processes of discovery. Choe said â€Å"thought patterns refer to forms of reasoning and approaches to problem solution and can differ from culture to culture†. ‘American’ website implies linear navigation throughout the site, with a consistent layout throughout the pages of the site. The website per forms the explorative function. 2.5 McDonald’s Site for Canadian Customers Canada is low-context culture. According to M. Hall cultural dimensions, in low-context cultures very little are taken for granted. Whilst this means that more explanation is needed, it also means there is less chance of misunderstanding particularly when visitors are present. Many overt and explicit messages that is simple and clear, outer locus of control and blame of others for failure; visible, external, outward reaction; flexible and open grouping patterns, changing as needed; fragile bonds between people with little sense of loyalty; low commitment to relationship (task more important than relationships); time is highly organized; product is more important than process. These features are represented on the ‘Canadian’ website: all pages are rich of text, especially a category Food Quality. Based on the work of Geert Hofstede low-context culture is more likely to be individualistic one, where emphasis is put on the goals and accomplishments of the individual rather than the group. Individuals are expected to be independent of others and look after themselves. When accomplishing goals, consideration of others is limited to include only oneself and one’s immediate family. Personal values include personal time, freedom, and challenge. For example on the ‘Canadian’ website there are some information that is family oriented. There is a section called Community in which one can find a subsection called Ronald McDonald House Charities which provide families of sick children a home-away-from-home or a place of peace and calm within a hospital. By Hall, perception of time is one more peculiarity of culture. Canada belongs to monochromic culture, where time is viewed as an  important, almost tangible phenomenon. People of such cultures are oriented towards planning and scheduling, so as to perform efficiency. As an example on the ‘Canadian’ website there is a category Restaurant Location, where you can put your address and site will show you the nearest restaurant. 3 Recommendations for Improvement of McDonald’s Websites 3.1 Cultural awareness in Web Design Nowadays a website is not just a collection of text; it is a conglomerate of images, multimedia, interactive features, animated graphics, and sounds. Cross-cultural web design nowadays requires dealing with design issues that include culture-specific color connotations, preferences in layout, animation, sounds, and other effects that are characteristic of today’s generation of websites. Formatting and navigation of the website also help attracting users’ attention and interest them in using the website. In order to do this successfully, the target group of the website must be studied. Research into how your target market’s culture affects their consumer behavior should be done. Conducting an ethnographic investigation — visiting the country, viewing how they shop and what they like, studying products which have been successful in the market and seeing how these strategies can be adopted is an important step for creating a multicultural website. Market rese arch can be done by surveying potential customers from the target market and interviewing cultural experts. While user participation is ideal in the designing process, a study of the design elements prevalent in the culture may also provide the web designer with some useful guidelines. Values and behavior indoctrinated through cultural influences may be reflected in design practices. Every national and cultural group in the world retains its own language, its own metaphors, its own identity, and thus, its own way of shopping Keeping abreast of cultural and current affairs in each of the target markets is one of the key factors, as a change in circumstances may necessitate changes to the site. Research has shown that certain colors have distinct connotations in different cultures. The implications should therefore be considered when choosing the palette for the website. Similarly to the impact of color, the appropriateness of the images across various cultures should be considered. Other symbols and  images just may not be culturally relevant in other areas of the world. Studies carried out into the impact of new technologies show that users show resistance to products with Western metaphors in favour of products localized according to their cultural customs and idioms. Choosing appropriate images for the site accordingly or being prepared to use different images in separate versions of the website can be useful while creating an effective one.[23] 3.2 Potential Improvements for the McDonald’s Websites of Particular Countries Before giving recommendations we would like to mention that we can assume that a successful and globe-spanning company such as McDonald’s has done extensive focus group testing of their website and consequently customized almost each website to appeal to its user group in each target culture, to ensure that product communication is as effective as possible. As a result it won’t be easy to recommend significant changes, but still there are some cultural issues that can be improved. Ukrainian website contains a lot of imagery, but taking into account the high context of this culture, it would be better to add more animation, because the site seems to be too constant. Taking into account that Ukrainian culture is collectivistic one not only logos of McDonald’s suppliers might be on the site; some images which corresponds with its values like family, physical condition and training could be used. Importance must be given to the products shown by themselves or with groups, not to the individuals. Also stress on the Ukrainian history and traditions should feature the site to attract users’ attention. In Ukrainian culture we can see high power distance, so the strong focus on expertise and certification might have been effective, but it’s not. This culture is suspicious about people so it is better to avoid too high concentration on this information; otherwise the site is unattractive and can arouse the suspicions. On the whole it can cause negative perception of the company; people may think that McDonald’s just trying to pool the wool over their customers’ eyes. One more important thing to be considered is opening of new page. On Ukrainian website new pages open in the same window but according to Marcus & Gould study for cultures with high power distance it is more convenient to use pages, which open in the new window of browser.  To match high uncertainty avoidance the site should be structured better: more sidebars and menus can be added to simplify the navigation across the site and to prevent the user from becoming lost. It is also important because of polyactivity of Ukrainian culture; people are unwilling to seek for information and to explore the site, they need to get the clear information quickly. On the Russian website more animation can be added, for example animation of moving people is really suitable for high-context culture and also some musical support on the main page is appropriate. Information should be organized according to social roles, for example there can be special section for managers or potential investors. Thi s can be effective because of high power distance inherent to Russian culture. Also according to these feature significant emphasis should be made on the social and moral order and its symbols like national colors or traditions. To correspond with high level of uncertainty avoidance in Russia the next improvements may be efficient: addition of tiny windows which will reveal more content information when placing a cursor over a link before clicking it, in other words forecast of the results or implications of acting before users act. Russian culture is relatively feminine it means that attention to the content of the site can be attracted by usage of poetry, common idioms, visual aesthetics and appeals to unifying values. German website contains a vast animation on the main page. It’s not the best choice for low-context culture like this one; it can bewilder people and decrease the attractiveness of the site. Low power distance also dictates some important characteristics: we can find a huge section devoted to the quality of food but for German culture it ’s advised to weaken the focus on the expertise, logos and certificates. Taking into account that German is individualistic culture we can say that more prominence should be given to youth and action, the section devoted to the employment can be expanded. Individualistic cultures are expected to be willing to provide personal information, so different employees can share their experience with those who want to start a job in McDonald’s. Emphasis might be done on what is new, unique and available only in this particular company. American website contains huge amount of animation on the main page, but for the low-context country it would be better if the site contains fewer amount of digital data, less-highly structured information, minor and infrequent emphasis on the  social and moral order (e.g., nationalism or religion) and its symbols, weak focus on expertise, authority, experts, certifications, official stamps, or logos. As an individualistic country the site should contain more information or pictures to maximize motivation of people, some i mages of success: demonstrated through materialism and consumerism. Also it’s good to use rhetorical style: controversial or argumentative speech and tolerance or encouragement of extreme claim. An important thing is to give prominence to youth and action. In American culture we can see low uncertainty avoidance, so to match this fact website should simplify the complexity with maximal content and choices (do more descriptions for quicker decisions). People from country with low uncertainty avoidance accept wandering and risk, so it would be good to do some quizzes online. Canadian website, as it is also low context culture, should give more prominence to citizens, customers, or employees. There should be no restrictions or barriers to access on the site; it should be transparent, integrated, implicit freedom to roam must be present. Taking into account that Canadian culture is individualistic one they should give importance for individuals, make an emphasis on truth and what is new and unique (on the Canadian site it is hard to understand which information is fresh, all articles are mixed and undated, so it is difficult to find something new. On the Canadian website here are no graphics, sound, and animation, but for masculine country it would be good for utilitarian purposes. Also it could contain game and competitions, because an attention gained through these features. The navigation should be oriented to exploration and control. Canada is a long-term oriented country, so in fact information on the site should be focused on truth and certainty of beliefs. It could contain some rules as a source of information and credibility, because the Canadian website is made a little freely, for example, when you what to return to the previous page the site let you on the other page, which you didn’t open and sometimes it hard to find what you saw before. Conclusion In the terms of globalized ways of satisfying people’ needs, there is a trend of gradual replacement of the companies’ market-orientation with the customer-orientation. Companies’ customer-orientation implies a continuous  and detailed process of analysis regarding the potential clients’ expectations, in this way, a strong connection between customers’ needs and the quality of offered products and services being assured. Learning the cultural differences in particular countries it’s easy to understand how to attract the customers and make their researching more productivity, funny and simple. When you understand the personal, national or organizational culture, then you can seek to align with them and hence gain greater influence. Hofstede notes that some cultural relativism is necessary: it is difficult to establish absolute criteria for what is noble and what is disgusting. There is no escaping bias; all people develop cultural values bas ed on their environment and early training as children. Not everyone in a society fits the cultural pattern precisely, but there is enough statistical regularity to identify trends and tendencies. These trends and tendencies should not be treated as defective or used to create negative stereotypes but recognized as different patterns of values and thought. In a multi-cultural world, it is necessary to cooperate to achieve practical goals without requiring everyone to think, act, and believe identically. By creating its own website, a company gets the possibility to influence in a positive way, the evolution of its activity. This way, the company becomes more efficient, with a more flexible internal functionality, more careful with the customers’ needs and expectations. But still, when creating a website, all features of particular countries must be considered to make clear appeal and improve the communication between company and customers. List of References 1 Chen, G., & Starosta, W. (1998). Foundations of Intercultural Communication. Boston: Allyn and Bacon 2 Marcus, A., & Gould, E. W. (2000). Cultural dimensions and global web user-interface design: What? So What? Now What? Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Human Factors and the Web. Austin, Texas.2 3 Sheridan, E. F. (2001). Cross-cultural web site design: Considerations for developing and strategies for validating locale appropriate on-line content. MultiLingual Computing & Technology #43,12 (7).3 4 Hofstede, G. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.4 5 Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s  Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.5 6 Hall, E.T., The Hidden Dimension, Anchor Books/ Doubleday, New York, 1990. (Reissue of 1965.)6 7 Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond Culture, New York: Doubleday7 8 Hall, E.T. (1983). The Dance of Life, The Other Dimension of Time, New York: Doubleday8 9 Hall, E.T. (1985). Hidden Differences: Studies in International Communication, Hamburg: Grunder and Jahr9 10 Hall, E.T. (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences, Germans, French and Americans, Yarmouth: Intercultural Press10 11 Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, Illinois: Row, Peterson.11 12 Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22 (4), 510-543.12 13 Richard D. Lewis When Cultures Collide. Managing Successfully Across Cultures. NB Publishing, 2000 13 14 Feher, A.; Towell, E. (1997)- Business Use of the Internet, Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy; 15 Granger, M.J.; Schroeder, D.L. (1996) †“ Integrating the Internet into the business environment, Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy; 16 McDonald’s http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s 16 17 Hofstede’s, G. official website 17 18 Trompenaars, F. and Hampden-Tuner, C. 1997 Riding The Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business. UK: Wiley and Sons.18 19 Hall, E. T. (2000). Context and meaning. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 9th ed. (pp. 34-43). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. 20 Christian Arno, 2010. Four Steps For Effective Cross-Cultural Website Design < http://aext.net/2010/03/effective-cross-cultural-website-design/ >19 21 Morrison, T. and Conaway, W.A. (2006) Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: The Bestselling Guide to Doing Business in More Than 60 Countries. Adams Publishing Group. 20 22 Kaplan, R. (1966). Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. Language Learning, 16, 1-20.21 23 Choe, Y. (2001). Intercultural conflict patterns and intercultural training implications for Koreans. Paper presented at the 16th Biennal World Communication Association Conference, Cantabria, Spain22